Proposals to improve air quality across the capital and significantly reduce the number of vehicles not meeting pollution standards
A consultation on plans to expand the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) to cover almost the whole of the capital from 29 August 2023 has been launched.
The Mayor of London and Transport for London (TfL) have delivered a range of schemes to tackle the capital's toxic air crisis, the climate emergency and traffic congestion, but further bold action across the city is required. Around 4,000 premature deaths in 2019 were attributed to filthy air, with the greatest number in outer London. Bromley, Barnet, Havering and Croydon were the boroughs with the highest number of early deaths, showing that poor air quality is not just a central London problem. More extreme weather events are predicted if the world fails to act to reduce carbon emissions, with London already seeing these in the form of flash floods in 2021.
The current and long-term threat from toxic air pollution to public health is significant. All Londoners live in areas that breach the World Health Organization (WHO) target for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, around 500,000 suffer from asthma and a similar number will develop diseases linked to dirty air over the next 30 years. In the same period, it is estimated harmful emissions will cost the NHS and social care 10.4bn if no further action is taken to improve air quality.
Traffic congestion continues to be a persistent problem in the capital. Last year, the cost to the London economy was estimated to be 5.1 billion. Nearly two-thirds of the cost of congestion in London has been attributed to traffic delays in outer London. This comes at a cost to everyone, impacting businesses, bus customers and essential services.
The Mayor considered a range of options when deciding the next steps to take in dealing with the emergency facing the capital. In the short term, expanding the ULEZ London-wide will have the biggest effect on emissions relative to the cost to Londoners as a whole, as well as helping to tackle the climate emergency and traffic congestion. The current 12.50 daily charge level for cars, vans and motorbikes that do not meet the standards would be retained. This would be supported by a revision of the Mayor's Transport Strategy, which is also part of this consultation. The consultation will also ask Londoners to help shape the future of road user charging in the capital. This could include scrapping existing charges, such as the Congestion Charge, and replacing them with a single road user charging scheme that uses more sophisticated technology to make it as simple and fair as possible for Londoners.
If a larger zone were introduced, it would have a significant impact by the end of 2023. It is estimated that the number of cars not meeting the tough ULEZ standards each day in outer London would fall from 160,000 to 46,000 and the number of vans from 42,000 to 26,000. Pollution afflicts the lives of young people, stunting the development of their lungs. These proposals would mean the air around an additional 145 schools, mostly in outer London, would meet the interim WHO target for nitrogen dioxide. The changes would also see a further 340,000 Londoners living in areas meeting these international health-based standards.
The tough emission standards have already been hugely successful in central London, helping reduce lethal nitrogen dioxide at the roadside by around half. In outer London more than four out of five vehicles are already compliant with the ULEZ standards. For those who own older, more polluting vehicles it is proposed there will be as big a vehicle scrappage scheme as is feasible to help people adapt to the change if the proposals are confirmed by the Mayor. This would build on the Mayor's previous 61m scheme, which took more than 15,000 of the dirtiest vehicles off the road, supporting low income and disabled Londoners, charities and small businesses.
TfL is working quickly to clean up its services with more than 800 zero emission at tailpipe buses, making it the largest green fleet in western Europe. Strict licensing standards mean that over a third of iconic black cabs are now zero emission capable. As part of the wider move to electric, all drivers are being supported to switch to the cleanest vehicles, with more than 10,000 charging points now within the M25 - a third of the UK's total.
TfL is also proposing to make it easier for people to pay the charge by removing the annual 10 per vehicle Auto Pay registration fee, while ensuring financial penalties for non-payment remain an effective deterrent by increasing the penalty by 20, or 10 if paid within 14 days
Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said: "The air Londoners breathe is so toxic it stunts children's lungs, exacerbates chronic illness and contributes to thousands of premature deaths each year. More than half of the 500,000 Londoners with asthma live in outer London and all areas of London still breach safe levels of pollution.
"That's why my proposals for expanding the Ultra -Low Emission Zone are the right thing to do. Air pollution is not just a central London issue and Londoners in the outer boroughs should be able to enjoy the clean air benefits the ULEZ brings.
"We're keen to hear from all Londoners, so please share your views on my plans to build a better London for everyone - a safer, fairer, greener and more prosperous city for all Londoners."
Alex Williams, TfL's Director of City Planning, said: "It's clear that the capital's toxic air is continuing to blight the lives of Londoners and progress in outer boroughs is slower than anywhere else. The number of premature deaths and current projections for diseases linked to poor air quality is unacceptable. We must act at pace to tackle this, which is why we are proposing to expand the ULEZ London-wide next year and are looking at the longer-term solution of a new form of road user charging. We would encourage people to respond to this consultation to help shape our plans."
Adam Tyndall, Programme Director for Transport at London First, said: "The ULEZ has been transformative in cleaning up London's air but there is clearly more to be done. For example, congestion on the capital's roads still costs the economy more than 5bn every year, and if we are to achieve the Mayor's ambitious net zero targets then bold thinking is required. Solving these challenges will involve difficult decisions, so it is important that Londoners and London's business engage fully with this consultation."
Oli Lord at the Clean Cities Campaign said: "London's ULEZ is envied across Europe and I'm thrilled the Mayor remains committed to it. A London-wide ULEZ will ensure everyone breathes cleaner air and especially people living on busy arterial roads, who are often left behind. We are, however, long overdue a conversation on what comes next and I'm pleased this has begun because we need to do more than the ULEZ to meet our climate goals."
Rosamund Adoo-Kissi-Debrah said: "Fewer and cleaner cars on the road is good for communities, the high street and - crucially - our health. In the short time since ULEZ was expanded, Londoners have chosen to leave their cars behind or trade them in for cleaner models. Now it's time to extend ULEZ onto the South Circular, where children are still walking along just to get to school, and beyond. Illegal levels of air pollution on the South Circular caused my daughter Ella's deadly asthma nine years ago, expanding ULEZ London-wide can help prevent future deaths like Ella's."
Jemima Hartshorn, Mums for Lungs said: "We have been calling for this for four years and are delighted to see it happen. This will help clean up the air and hopefully reduce some of the preventable illnesses caused by air pollution. But it's sadly not enough to ensure all kids can breathe easily. We need to see a plan to get rid of diesel in its entirety and look forward to continuing working with the Mayor."
Notes to editors
- Proposals to expand the ULEZ London-wide on 29 August 2023, would see:
- The zone expanding up to the current LEZ boundary covering almost the whole of London
- A daily charge of 12.50 if you drive within the zone in a non-compliant vehicle
- Operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 364 days a year (excluding Christmas Day)
- Other proposals being consulted on include:
- Changes to the penalties for non-payment of the ULEZ and Congestion Charge - from 160 to 180 (80 to 90 if paid within 14 days)
- Removal of the 10 Auto Pay per vehicle annual registration fee for all schemes
- Changes to the Mayor's Transport Strategy to provide policy support for addressing the triple challenges of toxic air pollution, the climate emergency and congestion through road using charging including by expanding ULEZ London-wide.
- Proposed discounts and exemptions include:
- Disabled and disabled passenger tax class vehicles (extended until October 2027)
- Wheelchair accessible private hire vehicles (extended until October 2027)
- NHS patient reimbursement scheme
- Minibuses used for community transport (extended until October 2025)
- Taxis
- Historic vehicles
- Specialist non-road going vehicles
- Showman's vehicles
- Premature air pollution deaths by borough
Borough
Attributable deaths (multi pollutant estimate)
Lowest estimate
Highest estimate
Barking and Dagenham
84
97
Barnet
177
201
Bexley
139
162
Brent
133
149
Bromley
172
204
Camden
99
109
City of London
4
4
Croydon
168
196
Ealing
147
165
Enfield
142
164
Greenwich
113
129
Hackney
86
96
Hammersmith and Fulham
74
83
Haringey
90
101
Harrow
102
118
Havering
149
178
Hillingdon
135
155
Hounslow
114
128
Islington
90
100
Kensington and Chelsea
70
77
Kingston upon Thames
76
87
Lambeth
112
126
Lewisham
111
127
Merton
87
100
Newham
98
111
Redbridge
124
142
Richmond upon Thames
86
98
Southwark
109
121
Sutton
101
118
Tower Hamlets
88
97
Waltham Forest
102
116
Wandsworth
115
129
Westminster
100
110
- The consultation closes on 29 July 2022 at 2359. To respond go to: gov.uk/clean-air