Subtidal coarse sediment ©Crown Copyright
On 13 June 2022, the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) introduced new byelaws to protect four offshore marine protected areas (MPAs) from damaging fishing activity. This marked a significant step in our work to assess and appropriately manage fishing activities to protect valuable marine habitats and species in England's offshore MPAs.
England's MPAs
There are currently 178 MPAs covering 40% of England's waters, these areas provide an important refuge for marine life, and are critical to protecting rare and threatened habitats and species from damage caused by human activities such as fishing. MMO is assessing fishing impacts in MPAs located offshore of 6 nautical miles.
First four MPA byelaws introduced
The first four MPAs were chosen as a priority to help protect their vibrant and productive undersea environments. They are referred to as Stage 1 MPAs and include:
- Dogger Bank MPA, which has the largest sandbank in UK waters and supports commercial fish species such as cod and plaice, as well as sand eels which are an important food source for seabirds and marine mammals.
- The Canyons MPA, which protects rare and highly sensitive cold-water corals and deep-sea bed communities.
- South Dorset MPA, which protects rocky seabed and sediments, as well as sensitive chalk habitats which are not normally found in deep waters.
- Inner Dowsing, Race Bank and North Ridge MPA, which has sandbank habitats and Ross worm reefs, and provides a home to a range of animals such as fish, crabs and lobsters.
Last year, after extensive consultation with industry and other stakeholders, MMO introduced four byelaws prohibiting the use of seabed trawls, seines, dredges or similar gear, collectively known as bottom towed gear, within these MPAs.
Sandbank and Sandeels credit ©JNCC/Cefas
Latest figures on byelaw compliance
We are pleased to confirm that there have been very high compliance levels with the byelaws so far. MMO monitor fishing vessel activity around these sites and have detected fewer than 15 potential infringements across all four sites, each of which have been followed up in line with the MMO Compliance and Enforcement Strategy
Our thanks to all those who are complying with the bylaws and helping to protect valuable marine habitats and species.
Cold water corals credit ©NOC
Which MPAs are we considering now?
Between January and March 2023, we held a Stage 2 formal consultation to seek views from stakeholders and the fishing industry on a proposed byelaw to manage bottom towed fishing gear over rock and reef habitats in 13 offshore MPAs.
- At the same time, we opened our Stage 3 call for evidence asking stakeholders to submit additional evidence and share views on the evidence and analysis of the impacts of fishing on seabed habitats. Stage 3 covers fishing gear interactions with seabed habitats in 41 MPAs.
MMO is also currently considering five Stage 4 MPAs which are those protecting highly mobile species - marine birds and harbour porpoise.
Next steps
We thank everyone who took part in our Stage 2 consultation and Stage 3 call for evidence earlier this year. We are currently working hard to review all the information received, including making updates to assessment and management documents where appropriate. We'll be providing further updates on this process as soon as possible.